genetics-the science of heredity, dealing with resemblances and differences of related organisms resulting from the interaction of their genes and the environment.


http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/genetics.shtml


True-breeding-term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self polluniate


http://biology.about.com/bldeftruebreed.htm

Trait- A genetically determined characteristic or condition: a recessive trait.



http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsytraits.html


Hybrid-bred from two distinct races, breeds, varieties, species, or genera

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Hybrid



Gene- the basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary character.

http://www.genetics.gsk.com/kids/genes01.htm

Allele- any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation.


http://biology.about.com/od/geneticsglossary/g/alleles.htm

Segregation- the separation of allelic genes into different gametes during meiosis

http://biology.about.com/library/glossary/bldefmenlawseg.htm

Gamete-a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism.

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Gamete

Probability-the relative possibility that an event will occur, as expressed by the ratio of the number of actual occurrences to the total number of possible occurrences.

http://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/toc_vol6.html

Punnett Square- in genetics, a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross;


http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/punexam.html

Homozygous-Relating to a cell that has two identical alleles for a particular trait at corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes.

http://biology.about.com/bldefhomozyg.htm

Heterozygous-Relating to a cell that has two different alleles at corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes.

http://biology.about.com/bldefhetzyg.htm


Phenotype- the appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the environment.

http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/BioInfo/SD.Geno.HP.html

Genotype-the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.

http://www.iscid.org/encyclopedia/Genotype


Homologous-Similar in structure and evolutionary origin, though not necessarily in function, as the flippers of a seal and the hands of a human.


http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/homologous

Diploid-having two similar complements of chromosomes

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diploid

Haploid-an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes, ordinarily half the normal diploid number.

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Haploid

Tetrad-a group of four chromatids formed by synapsis at the beginning of meiosis.

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061030200732AAJD3T4



Crossing-Over-The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis and contributes to genetic variability.


http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/comeiosis.html


Gene Map-A graphic representation of the arrangement of genes or DNA sequences on a chromosome

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22827585/